Casabe - Arca del Gusto - Slow Food Foundation (2024)

Caribbean casabe is a kind of flatbread made from cassava (Manihot esculenta). The name comes from casabi, the term used by the native Arahuacos for cassava roots. The preparation procedure is similar all around the Caribbean: The cassava root is dug up from the ground, cleaned, peeled and grated, then crushed in a container shaped like a long tube made from palm leaves which is hung from a roof or a branch, so that the bitter juice known as yare is released from the pulp. This is toxic because it contains hydrocyanic acid. The pulp is then spread on a griddle and toasted to create a tortilla-like flatbread. Casabe is usually dampened before being served to make it softer.
In Cuba, the process is as follows: On the first day, the cassava’s rind is removed and the flesh is grated to obtain a damp flour known as catebìa which is put in a container known by its indigenous name, macuto, woven from yarey palm leaves. This is placed under a press to extract the toxic liquid. The next day the dried flour is ground, put in containers known as toya and sieved to obtain a very fine flour which is then cooked on a griddle known as buren.
The Cuban casabe is eaten as a side dish or with butter or oil, garlic, parsley and cheese, but there is also a sweet version served with sugar, coconut or peaches in syrup, Typical Venezuelan dishes include jau-jau (sugared casabe folded on itself like an envelope), casabito (with butter and parsley, baked in the oven), casabita (sweet with the addition of panela and cheese), casabe soup (meat, tomatoes, chili and ground casabe), cassava and sweet potato carato (indigenous beverage), naiboa (sweet with panela and cheese) and gofio (sweet with honey and spices).
Casabe, sometimes called “bread of the earth,” represented a great advance for the pre-Hispanic cultures not only because it meant cassava could be stored but also because it facilitated the exchange of foods between indigenous communities like the Arahuacos, Tàinos and Caribes, the native peoples of the Caribbean. In Cuba this food is linked to the island’s first inhabitants, the Guajanatabeyes and the Siboneyes. In the Sierra de Cubitas area of the island, north of Camagüey, casabe is served at the San Juan Camagüeyano folk celebration. Plenty of popular sayings also reference it: being “as old as casabe,” or “if there’s no bread, casabe!”
Casabe can also be found in Colombia, Belize, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Brazil and Venezuela. Casabe is a staple in the diet of many indigenous communities in Venezuela, like the Ye-Kuanam, Yanomami, Piaroa and Guarao. In Cuba the bread is often sold from kiosks equipped with a large griddle known as a buren.
The risk that traditional casabe will disappear is linked to the fairly long and complex production process and the fact that the younger generations are less interested in continuing the tradition.

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El casabe consiste en un transformado de la yuca (Manihot esculenta, variedad agria). Los indígenas arahuacos, los tainos y caribes confeccionaban el casabe raspando la cáscara de la yuca con un rallo de madera dentado con piedrecillas afiladas, astillas de hueso, gruesas espinas de pez, etc., incrustadas y pegadas con resina. Tras reducir la yuca a pulpa, esta se introducía en el llamado sebucán, especie de colador hecho de hojas de palma entretejidas. El sebucán (o cebucán) se colgaba de un árbol y allí́ debía soportar el peso de dos o más hombres sentados en el, hasta exprimirse bien todo el liquido venenoso de la masa. Después la masa es tamizada en un cernidor, para luego elaborarse la torta de casabe en un fogón típico llamado Budare.

El primer día se pela la yuca eliminando la corteza y se ralla hasta obtener una harina húmeda conocida como “catebìa”, esa masa se pone en un recipiente conocido en la zona oriental del país en términos indígenas como “macuto”, el cual es tejido de yarey y se pone en una prensa para extraerle el líquido, el cual es muy tóxico y rico en almidones.
Al día siguiente, ya seca esa harina, se muele nuevamente y se cierne en unos recipientes llamados “toya”, se tiran y se desmenuzan para sacarle los grumos y se pasa por un jibe tejido a mano hecho de yarey, y de ahí́ sale la harina y se lleva a un jibe más fino.
El burén tiene dos redondeles y una plancha más larga, en un jarrito se da la medida del grueso de una torta de superficie uniforme. Después de cocida la torta por ambos lados, esta puede ser secada al aire libre expuesta al sol, o sobre un cinc caliente.
El casabe Cubano se come con manteca o aceite, ajo, perejil y queso, pero existe también una versión dulce con azúcar, coco o duraznos en almíbar.
El casabe constituye una herencia indígena de beneficiosas cualidades nutritivas que representan un rasgo cultural, una huella de la alimentación prehispánica que ha logrado trascender al paso del tiempo. Es un producto obtenido de la yuca, que junto al maíz, era uno de los principales cultivos de la época precolombina. Debido a las posibilidades de conservación, el casabe era una de las fuentes fundamentales de alimentación de los indígenas del norte del subcontinente, y era parte de la dieta tradicional de los tainos, habitantes nativos del Caribe. El casabe fue originalmente producido por los nativos americanos Arahuacos, Tainos y Caribes. Estas raíces provienen de la yuca, una planta muy común en los bosques tropicales pluviosos donde los indígenas vivieron.
Este invento de la tecnología tuvo gran trascendencia social pues dotó por primera vez a aquellas comunidades prehistóricas de un alimento que podía ser almacenado por un tiempo relativamente largo. Constituyéndose en un importante elemento de intercambio, que ha sido señalado como incentivo para la movilidad horizontal de esos grupos y que permitió́ que los indígenas precolombinos accedieran a un nuevo estadoo cultural de sedentarismo y fundaran las primeras aldeas o pueblos en nuestra tierra.

Casabe - Arca del Gusto - Slow Food Foundation (2024)
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